The development of tumor immunotherapy

especially immune checkpoint inhibitors

has provided new ways for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Accurate evaluation of therapeutic efficacy can guide clinical decision making and is critical in the treatment of oncology patients. Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT)

as a non- invasive and high-safety whole-body imaging examination

can provide information on metabolism of primary lesions

lymph nodes and metastasis

and has been widely used in the diagnosis and evaluation of tumor treatment efficacy. Meanwhile

novel targeting agents are gradually entering the clinical trials

which will improve the accuracy of treatment evaluation. This review summarized the clinical application and research progress of PET/CT in evaluating the efficacy of immunotherapy (mainly ICI).