The response assessment in neuro-oncology (RANO) criteria are widely used in clinical trials and practice. However

in the process of using RANO standards

various criteria of RANO-high grade glioma (RANO-HGG)

modified RANO (mRANO)and immunotherapy RANO (iRANO) lead to differences in the response assessment

and also increase the uncertainty of which set of criteria to be used for the clinical assessment. In September 2023

the RANO working group developed a new version of the update to the response assessment in neuro-oncology criteria for all gliomas in adults (RANO 2.0)

in which

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the main examination method for the assessment of treatment response of neuro-oncology

and with the diversification of neuro-oncology treatment methods

the imaging manifestations of neuro-oncology treatment response are becoming more complex than before. This article introduced the core imaging contents with the detailed illustration of the technical and diagnostic key points in the MRI evaluation in the RANO 2.0

and aimed to provide help for the rational application of imaging medicine in the assessment of treatment response of adult gliomas.