With the increasing detection rate of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC)

the treatment methods are changing rapidly

especially in recent years

some alternatives to surgical treatment have been gradually put forward and practiced. This paper summarized and analyzed the evolution process

current state

trend and key issues of PTMC treatment. From the way of surgery to the concept of active surveillance

to the wide application of thermal ablation. Through comparative analysis

thermal ablation is a promising alternative treatment. However

the indications for PTMC thermal ablation cannot meet the concept of individualized

multidisciplinary and multimodal treatment. By summarizing the status of thyroid cancer thermal ablation and research progress

this article provided a new perspective for the clinical research outside PTMC thermal ablation indications

and provided direction for future research development.