Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous malignancy

and molecular functional imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) play a critical role in its accurate diagnosis. While imaging provides a crucial foundation for precise breast cancer diagnosis

the most used imaging agent

18 F-FDG

presents certain limitations in this context. Consequently

there has been an increased focus on the research and development of novelradiolabeled probes for both in situ imaging of primary tumors and the detection of distant metastases. This paper reviewed the recent advancements in radiolabeled probes for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment

with an emphasis on novel targets that exploit specific surface markers on tumor cells and elements of the tumor microenvironment and categorized their practical applications in clinical settings.