Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) leveraging the unique properties of radioactive pharmaceuticals to concentrate therapeutic effects within tumor tissues. TRT can be principally categorized into two distinct approaches based on the differences in targeting mechanisms: chemical/biological targeting internal radiotherapy and physical targeting internal radiotherapy. Generally

TRT refers to the systemic administration of targeted radionuclide drugs. The continuous advancement of nuclear medicine diagnostic and therapeutic technologies

coupled with the advocacy of precision medicine

has led to an innovative integration in clinical practice: integrated physical targeted radionuclide theranostics. This article explored the current status and development of theranostics in physically targeted radionuclide treatment

highlighting some common and emerging therapies in clinical practice.