从结构到功能：磁共振技术演进与影像诊断模式变革

马绮蘩; 陶晓峰

doi:10.19732/j.cnki.2096-6210.2026.02.001

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

从结构到功能：磁共振技术演进与影像诊断模式变革

专家述评 | 更新时间：2026-05-07

- 从结构到功能：磁共振技术演进与影像诊断模式变革
- From structure to function: evolution of magnetic resonance technology and transformation of imaging diagnosis
- 肿瘤影像学 2026年35卷第2期页码：213-219
- 作者机构：
  
  上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院放射科，上海 200011
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "陶晓峰，主任医师，教授，上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院博士研究生导师，影像中心主任，影像组学和分子影像实验室主任和学科带头人。担任亚太放射学会神经与头颈放射学分会执行委员，中华医学会放射学分会常务委员兼头颈学组组长，中国医师协会放射学医师分会常务委员，中华口腔医学会口腔颌面放射专业委员会候任主任委员，上海市医学会放射科专科分会主任委员，上海市医师协会放射医师分会会长，国家口腔医学中心影像专科联盟主任，《实用放射学杂志》副主编，《肿瘤影像学》常务编委，《中华放射学杂志》《磁共振成像》《中国医学影像技术》编委。主持国家自然科学基金重点项目、国家自然科学基金重大研究计划重点支持项目、国家自然科学基金面上项目等在内的各级项目总计10余项。获得国家发明专利4项。以第一作者/通信作者发表论文100余篇，包含Cell Reports Medicine、Radiology、ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces等高水平国际期刊。获得上海医学科技奖二等奖、上海市科技进步奖二等奖、华夏医学科技奖三等奖等奖项。" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(82530068)
- DOI：10.19732/j.cnki.2096-6210.2026.02.001
  中图分类号： R445.2
- 收稿：2026-01-04，
  
  修回：2026-04-15，
  
  录用：2026-04-16，
  
  纸质出版：2026-04-28
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
马绮蘩, 陶晓峰. 从结构到功能：磁共振技术演进与影像诊断模式变革［J］. 肿瘤影像学, 2026, 35(2): 213-219.

MA Q F, TAO X F.Citation: From structure to function: evolution of magnetic resonance technology and transformation of imaging diagnosis［J］. Oncoradiology, 2026, 35(2): 213-219.
马绮蘩, 陶晓峰. 从结构到功能：磁共振技术演进与影像诊断模式变革［J］. 肿瘤影像学, 2026, 35(2): 213-219. DOI： 10.19732/j.cnki.2096-6210.2026.02.001.

MA Q F, TAO X F.Citation: From structure to function: evolution of magnetic resonance technology and transformation of imaging diagnosis［J］. Oncoradiology, 2026, 35(2): 213-219. DOI： 10.19732/j.cnki.2096-6210.2026.02.001.

摘要

磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging，MRI）凭借其无创、无辐射、高软组织分辨率和多参数成像优势，已成为现代医学诊断的重要工具。本文系统述评了近年来MRI技术的关键进展，涵盖低场强和超低场强MRI在成本、便携性和可及性方面的突破，高场强和超高场强MRI在硬件性能与成像质量上的提升，以及功能成像技术（包括弥散成像、灌注成像、血氧水平依赖功能成像、磁共振波谱成像和化学交换饱和转移成像等）在疾病机制研究和临床应用中的深化，并探讨了人工智能（artificial intelligence，AI）与MRI的深度融合发展。

Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a crucial tool in modern medical diagnosis and research

owing to its non-invasive nature

absence of ionizing radiation

high soft-tissue resolution

and multi-parametric imaging capabilities. This review systematically summarized recent advances in MRI technology

including breakthroughs in low-field and ultra-low-field MRI in terms of cost

portability

and accessibility; improvements in hardware performance and image quality of high-field and ultra-high-field MRI systems; and the deepening applications of functional imaging techniques—such as diffusion imaging perfusion imaging

blood oxygenation level dependent functional MRI (BOLD-fMRI)

magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)

and chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging (CEST)—in disease mechanism research and clinical practice. Furthermore

the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with MRI is discussed

highlighting its transformative role in accelerating imaging

enhancing diagnostic accuracy

and enabling personalized medicine.

关键词

Keywords

references

LAUTERBUR P C . Image formation by induced local interactions: examples employing nuclear magnetic resonance ［J］. Nature , 1973 , 242 ( 5394 ): 190 - 191 .

OBUNGOLOCH J , MUHUMUZA I , TEEUWISSE W , et al . On-site construction of a point-of-care low-field MRI system in Africa ［J］. NMR Biomed , 2023 , 36 ( 7 ): e4917 .

ANAZODO U C , DU PLESSIS S . Imaging without barriers ［J］. Science , 2024 , 384 ( 6696 ): 623 - 624 .

LAU V , XIAO L F , ZHAO Y J , et al . Pushing the limits of low-cost ultra-low-field MRI by dual-acquisition deep learning 3D superresolution ［J］. Magn Reson Med , 2023 , 90 ( 2 ): 400 - 416 .

IGLESIAS J E , SCHLEICHER R , LAGUNA S , et al . Quantitative brain morphometry of portable low-field-strength MRI using super-resolution machine learning ［J］. Radiology , 2023 , 306 ( 3 ): e220522 .

MAYEARS , ZICHA S , GIESE D , et al . Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at lower field strength: a comparison of biventricular cine and quantitative T1 and T2 maps at 0.55T and 1.5T ［J］. Investig Radiol , 2026 , 61 ( 4 ): 251 - 260 .

GOOLAUB D S , TIAN Y , VAN AMEROM J F P , et al . Multiresolution comparison of fetal real-time and cine magnetic resonance imaging at 0.55T ［J］. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson , 2025 , 27 ( 1 ): 101856 .

COOLEY C Z , MCDANIEL P C , STOCKMANN J P , et al . A portable scanner for magnetic resonance imaging of the brain ［J］. Nat Biomed Eng , 2021 , 5 ( 3 ): 229 - 239 .

LIU Y L , LEONG A T L , ZHAO Y J , et al . A low-cost and shielding-free ultra-low-field brain MRI scanner ［J］. Nat Commun , 2021 , 12 : 7238 .

ZHAO Y J , DING Y , LAU V , et al . Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging at 0.05 Tesla ［J］. Science , 2024 , 384 ( 6696 ): eadm7168 .

POLIMENI J R , ULUDAĞ K . Neuroimaging with ultra-high field MRI: present and future ［J］. NeuroImage , 2018 , 168 : 1 - 6 .

HOFF M N , MCKINNEY A IV , SHELLOCK F G , et al . Safety considerations of 7-T MRI in clinical practice ［J］. Radiology , 2019 , 292 ( 3 ): 509 - 518 .

VACHHA B , HUANG S Y . MRI with ultrahigh field strength and high-performance gradients: challenges and opportunities for clinical neuroimaging at 7 T and beyond ［J］. Eur Radiol Exp , 2021 , 5 ( 1 ): 35 .

BOULANT N , MAUCONDUIT F , GRAS V , et al . In vivo imaging of the human brain with the Iseult 11.7-T MRI scanner ［J］. Nat Meth , 2024 , 21 ( 11 ): 2013 - 2016 .

LAGORE R L , SADEGHI-TARAKAMEH A , GRANT A , et al . A 128-channel receive array with enhanced signal-to-noise ratio performance for 10.5T brain imaging ［J］. Magn Reson Med , 2025 , 93 ( 6 ): 2680 - 2698 .

WAKS M , LAGORE R L , AUERBACH E , et al . RF coil design strategies for improving SNR at the ultrahigh magnetic field of 10.5T ［J］. Magn Reson Med , 2025 , 93 ( 2 ): 873 - 888 .

MARTH T , MARTH A A , KAJDI G W , et al . Evaluating undersampling schemes and deep learning reconstructions for high-resolution 3D double echo steady state knee imaging at 7 T: a comparison between GRAPPA, CAIPIRINHA, and compressed sensing ［J］. Investig Radiol , 2025 , 60 ( 9 ): 609 - 615 .

WU D , KANG L Y , LI H T , et al . Developing an AI-empowered head-only ultra-high-performance gradient MRI system for high spatiotemporal neuroimaging ［J］. NeuroImage , 2024 , 290 : 120553 .

WEI Z D , CHEN Q Y , HAN S H , et al . 5 T magnetic resonance imaging: radio frequency hardware and initial brain imaging ［J］. Quant Imaging Med Surg , 2023 , 13 ( 5 ): 3222 - 3240 .

JONES D K . Diffusion MRI: theory, methods, and applications ［M］. Oxford : Oxford University Press , 2010 .

CHILLA G S , TAN C H , XU C , et al . Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging and its recent trend-a survey ［J］. Quant Imaging Med Surg , 2015 , 5 ( 3 ): 407 - 422 .

LUTSEP H L , ALBERS G W , DECRESPIGNY A , et al . Clinical utility of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of ischemic stroke ［J］. Ann Neurol , 1997 , 41 ( 5 ): 574 - 580 .

HÖTKER A M , MAZAHERI Y , WIBMER A , et al . Use of DWI in the differentiation of renal cortical tumors ［J］. Am J Roentgenol , 2016 , 206 ( 1 ): 100 - 105 .

SWITLYK M D , DALE E , TAFJORD S , et al . Reduced field-of-view DWI outperforms conventional DWI in assessing tumor heterogeneity and HPV status in head and neck cancer ［J］. Sci Rep , 2025 , 15 ( 1 ): 31889 .

OKAMOTO K , ITO J , ISHIKAWA K , et al . Diffusion-weighted echo-planar MR imaging in differential diagnosis of brain tumors and tumor-like conditions ［J］. Eur Radiol , 2000 , 10 ( 8 ): 1342 - 1350 .

TAMNES C K , ROALF D R , GODDINGS A L , et al . Diffusion MRI of white matter microstructure development in childhood and adolescence: methods, challenges and progress ［J］. Dev Cogn Neurosci , 2018 , 33 : 161 - 175 .

WANG L W , CHO K H , CHAO P Y , et al . White and gray matter integrity evaluated by MRI-DTI can serve as noninvasive and reliable indicators of structural and functional alterations in chronic neurotrauma ［J］. Sci Rep , 2024 , 14 ( 1 ): 7244 .

MARRALE M , COLLURA G , BRAI M , et al . Physics, techniques and review of neuroradiological applications of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) ［J］. Clin Neuroradiol , 2016 , 26 ( 4 ): 391 - 403 .

PRCKOVSKA V , PEETERS T H J M , VAN ALMSICK M , et al . Fused DTI/HARDI visualization ［J］. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph , 2011 , 17 ( 10 ): 1407 - 1419 .

TRISTÁN-VEGA A , PIECIAK T , PARÍS G , et al . HYDI-DSI revisited: Constrained non-parametric EAP imaging without q-space re-gridding ［J］. Med Image Anal , 2023 , 84 : 102728 .

ZHANG H , SCHNEIDER T , WHEELER-KINGSHOTT C A , et al . NODDI: practical in vivo neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging of the human brain ［J］. NeuroImage , 2012 , 61 ( 4 ): 1000 - 1016 .

ⅡMA M . Perfusion-driven intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI in oncology: applications, challenges, and future trends ［J］. Magn Reson Med Sci , 2021 , 20 ( 2 ): 125 - 138 .

DIJKHOFF R A P , BEETS-TAN R G H , LAMBREGTS D M J , et al . Value of DCE-MRI for staging and response evaluation in rectal cancer: a systematic review ［J］. Eur J Radiol , 2017 , 95 : 155 - 168 .

MANN R M , CHO N , MOY L . Breast MRI: State of the art ［J］. Radiology , 2019 , 292 ( 3 ): 520 - 536 .

YAMAGUCHI K , ICHINOHE K , IYADOMI M , et al . Abbreviated and ultrafast dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MR imaging ［J］. Magn Reson Med Sci , 2025 , 24 ( 3 ): 315 - 331 .

BLIESENER Y , LEBEL R M , ACHARYA J , et al . Pseudo test-retest evaluation of millimeter-resolution whole-brain dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in patients with high-grade glioma ［J］. Radiology , 2021 , 300 ( 2 ): 410 - 420 .

ALSOP D C , DETRE J A , GOLAY X , et al . Recommended implementation of arterial spin-labeled perfusion MRI for clinical applications: a consensus of the ISMRM perfusion study group and the European consortium for ASL in dementia ［J］. Magn Reson Med , 2015 , 73 ( 1 ): 102 - 116 .

中华医学会放射学分会质量管理与安全管理学组 , 中华医学会放射学分会磁共振学组 . 动脉自旋标记脑灌注MRI技术规范化应用专家共识［J］. 中华放射学杂志 , 2016 , 50 ( 11 ): 817 - 824 .

Quality Management and Safety Management Group of Chinese Society of Radiology Chinese Medical Association , MRI Group of Chinese Society of Radiology Chinese Medical Association . Expert consensus on standardized application of arterial spin labeling brain perfusion MRI technology ［J］. Chin J Radiol , 2016 , 50 ( 11 ): 817 - 824 .

KROLL H , ZAHARCHUK G , CHRISTEN T , et al . Resting-state BOLD MRI for perfusion and ischemia ［J］. Top Magn Reson Imag , 2017 , 26 ( 2 ): 91 - 96 .

BEHESHTIAN E , JALILIANHASANPOUR R , MODIR SHANECHI A , et al . Identification of the somatomotor network from language task–based fMRI compared with resting-state fMRI in patients with brain lesions ［J］. Radiology , 2021 , 301 ( 1 ): 178 - 184 .

LAKHANI D A , SABSEVITZ D S , CHAICHANA K L , et al . Current state of functional MRI in the presurgical planning of brain tumors ［J］. Radiol Imag Cancer , 2023 , 5 ( 6 ): e230078 .

PUR D R , EAGLESON R , LO M , et al . Presurgical brain mapping of the language network in pediatric patients with epilepsy using resting-state fMRI ［J］. J Neurosurg Pediatr , 2021 , 27 ( 3 ): 259 - 268 .

CATALINO M P , YAO S , GREEN D L , et al . Mapping cognitive and emotional networks in neurosurgical patients using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging ［J］. Neurosurg Focus , 2020 , 48 ( 2 ): E9 .

JONES K M , POLLARD A C , PAGEL M D . Clinical applications of chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI ［J］. J Magn Reson Imag , 2018 , 47 ( 1 ): 11 - 27 .

ZHOU J Y , HEO H Y , KNUTSSON L , et al . APT-weighted MRI: Techniques, current neuro applications, and challenging issues ［J］. J Magn Reson Imag , 2019 , 50 ( 2 ): 347 - 364 .

VINOGRADOV E , KEUPP J , DIMITROV I E , et al . CEST-MRI for body oncologic imaging: are we there yet? ［J］. NMR Biomed , 2023 , 36 ( 6 ): e4906 .

PATEL K S , YAO J W , CHO N S , et al . pH-Weighted amine chemical exchange saturation transfer echo planar imaging visualizes infiltrating glioblastoma cells ［J］. Neuro Oncol , 2024 , 26 ( 1 ): 115 - 126 .

浏览量

下载量

CNKI被引量

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

人工智能辅助影像学评价乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗效果

多模态CT在结直肠癌淋巴结转移评估中的研究进展

基于超声造影与增强MRI图像融合列线图可视化胶质母细胞瘤的瘤周浸润风险

超声VTIQ技术联合MRI对乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移的诊断价值研究

人工智能ChatGPT-4V在乳腺超声病灶良恶性鉴别中的诊断效能